Facing the growing economic, political, military challenges around the world, the United States have been rethinking the economic policies both inside and out of the country in the context of providing national security. The paper presents a review of the economic aspects of providing national security under D. Trump presidency, showing the role of economic issues related to national security; comparing the attention to the economy as a part of the national security system under previous presidential administrations. It contributes to a debate on the role of economic issues related to national security at the new stage of global competitiveness with focus on the new approaches of D. Trump's administration to the national security problems; showing the significance of economic potential for providing national security. “Economic security is national security” has become one of the key principles for the government strategy under D. Trump’s presidency and is characterizing new approaches to providing National Security. As to Social Security, generating deficits through tax cuts needs simultaneous spending reductions which took place under Trump’s presidency. Meanwhile Trump's position on Social Security is that it shouldn't be directly amended, pointing that improving growth for the U.S. economy means more people are working, wages are rising, and as a result – more payroll tax is going to Social security funds. But in the long run the Social Security’ s asset reserves that have been built up, are expected to be exhausted in the fourth decade.