From 1948 until the late 1980s the main theme of South African literature was apartheid, its devastating impact on people's lives, and the struggle for the equality of all races and nations. Among the “literature of protest” a considerable part were the works of Afrikaners, who chose the side of those, struggling against apartheid. Only a few thought about what awaits them after the victory in this struggle. When Mandela was replaced by Thabo Mbeki as President of South Africa, and then by Jacob Zuma, it became obvious how difficult this new democratic reality turned out to be. Corruption, high crime rates, poverty, xenophobia, falling education, AIDS, etc. came to the fore in the works of almost all Afrikaners writers. Their work often traces nostalgia for former South Africa, attempts to reflect on its past and present, about the place of Afrikaners in its history, about paying for past mistakes and about how to survive in a changing Africa and a changing world.