In this material the history of the Crimea in the period of 1945—1991 has been considered. The post-war reconstruction processes of the Crimea have been characterized. Features of transmission of the Crimea to Ukraine have been disclosed. The aspects of the socio-economic and cultural development of the Crimean region in 1950—1960’s have been highlighted. The main achievements of the «era» of N. K. Kirichenko have been analyzed. Socio-economic and political situation on the peninsula at the turn of 1980—1990’s have been considered. The process of restoring of the Crimean autonomy has been described.