The article focuses on the concept of Gustav Landauer’s mystical anarchism. The author examines this anarchistic project in connection with Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy; claims that such ideas of Nietzsche’s thought as eternal return and chaos play an important role in Landauer’s anarchism. Furthermore, the author compares Gustav Landauer’s concepts to G. Chulkov’s ideas, who was a Russian ideologist of mystical anarchism. The author concludes that contemporary post-anarchists use Landauer’s project to set the boundaries of their own ideology, which proves the relevance of Landauer’s ideas to this day.