This article offers a brief overview of recent theoretical socioreligious approaches to the study of gender order and religion. The authors elaborate them by linking to the reflections on religion's encounter with (Western) modernity as applied to the case of Eastern Orthodoxy. The article then briefly reviews the official position of the Romanian Orthodox Church on the issues of gender order in the family. After describing the religious situation related to the significant growth of Orthodox parishes in Italy, the authors present the results of fifteen in-depth interviews conducted with Romanian Orthodox women in Italy. They examine several socio-cultural fractures between Romanian and Italian gender orders based on the comparison of women's perception of societies and families, as well as their strategies related to their experiences of migration. Finally, the paper proposes an application of the sociological concept of diaspora for analyzing the key issues in the relationship among religion, gender, and modernity.