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Caliphatism in Pan-Islamic Ideological Heritage: Transregional Dimension
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33 Экономика. Народное хозяйство. Экономические науки
93/94 История
32 Политика
Date of publication
20.04.2020
Public year
2020
DOI
10.31857/S086919080009038-8
Caliphatism in Pan-Islamic Ideological Heritage: Transregional Dimension
Annotation

The authors analyse the historical role of movements for defenсe of the Caliphate, which emerged inlast third of the 19th – first third of the 20th century in various regions of the Muslim world as a response to weakening and fall of the Ottoman EmpireThe article offers a historical retrospective of religious and cultural interactions between the Ottoman ruling circles and Muslim dynasties of Indian princely states. The authors also focus on approaches of Arab and South Asian Muslim political leaders and ideologists of different orientations to the idea of revival of the Caliphate, as wellas principles of interaction between caliphatist values and forms of self-identification in traditional societies of the East (civil, cultural, ethnical and religious).The social and political discussions of the 1920s – 1930s about the destiny of Muslim unity and the role of the future Caliphate are examined, as well as theoretical representations of conceptions of the Caliphate in the works of eminent ideologists and politicians of the Muslim world – Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi, Muhammad Rashid Rida and Abul Kalam Azad. The relationship of pan-Islamic and nationalist foundations of the Arab and South Asian Muslim ideology and rhetoric of the 1910s and 1920s is also outlined. The authors trace back the evolution of conceptions of Caliphate in the Middle East and South Asia. The ideology of caliphatism, which envisaged particular position of Arabs among Muslim peoples, eventually turned to the instrument of Arab nationalism. The study also explores the historical and cultural background of the appeal of Caliphatist values for Muslims of various ethnic origins.

About authors
Svetlana Kirillina
Head of the Department of History of the Near and Middle East of the Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University
Alexandra L. Safronova
Head of the Department of South Asian History, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University
Vladimir Orlov
Professor of the Department of History of the Near and Middle East, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University. Senior Research Fellow at the Center for Arab and Islamic Studies, Institute of Oriental Studies RAS
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