This paper explores the features of the development of the Blue Economy in the Mediterranean countries of the EU. Two tasks are being solved: one is to characterize their sectoral specialization and the other to conduct a quantitative assessment of productivity in these sectors. In the first part, the coefficients of sectoral specialization are calculated, with the help of which the sectoral and country sections are made. In the second part, on the basis of the calculated gross value added per employee, relative productivity ratios are determined, which take into account sectoral and country-specific characteristics. The results suggest that coastal tourism is the dominant industry in the region in terms of specialization and productivity.