The article analyzes the myths about “the Golden ages” in the history of the USSR that still exist in historical mass consciousness. By that myths we imply the people's perceptions of different periods of the past, positively evaluated, especially taking into account the people's experience of subsequent hard times. The article attempts to reveal the reasons of origin of these myths taken as examples the so called “the Golden age of Stalin’s era” and “the Golden age of Brezhnev’s era”. Special attention is paid to the reasons of origin of “the Golden age of Stalin’s era”, as their restoration causes difficulty in connection with the striking contrast between the objective data of the mentioned era and its subjective perception by people.