In 1870—1880s due to Georgi Plekhanov the active dissemination of the Marxist ideas began. The formation of the Russian Marxism went through not only the polemics with the Populism but also through fierce debates generated by the appearance of the so-called “legal Marxism”, the attempt of a new philosophical justification of the Marxism made by Alexander Bogdanov and his circle, the birth of the Marxism-Leninism. By the beginning of the 20th century the considerable influence was also acquired by the anarchism, enriched by Mikhail Bakunin’s and Peter Kropotkin’s ideas.