The paper is concerned with the processes in the government of the Russian Orthodox Church in the conditions of the strong anti-church policy of the Soviet State. The Patriarchy of Moscow (which was headed consecutively by Patriarch Tikhon [Belavin], Metropolitans Petr [Polyansky] and Sergy [Stragorodsky]) declared its civil loyalty and political indifference, but the Soviet Power was not satisfied with that. A virtual rejection of the principle of political indifference, undertaken by Metropolitan Sergy in 1927, helped to stabilize temporarily the position of the church, but provoked significant troubles inside it.