The author reviews L. Tihomirov’s suggestions which are devoted to the changes of social and economic development in Russia at the end of XIX — the beginning of XX century. L. Tihomirov’s pattern was based on the ideas of economic autarchy independent of foreign capital and developing under the state surveillance. On the whole L. Tihomirov’s social and economic projects anticipated the ideas of the end of 1920—30s which had become the foundation of the political ideology famous as “the third way” conception. In practice L. Tihomirov’s suggestions were very close to the social and economic measures carried out by B. Mussolini in Italy.