The reasons of rastserkovleniye of the Russians are studied in the context of crossing of cultural and modernization and socio-political processes of the beginning of the 20th century, testifying to a certain extent a crisis of national identity. It is noted that the revolution of 1905—1907 led to reconsideration by a certain part of Orthodox parishioners of a role of the church and the essence of faith, as well as to the growth of a number of both rationalistic and mystical sects. The internal split of clergy resulted, in particular, in discussions about the convocation of the Pomestny Sobor and the subsequent relationships of representatives of the spiritual and secular power, which didn't allow church to fully carry out its spiritual and integration functions. At the same time religious and philosophical disputes passing in the society opened new solutions of questions of faith and increased the popularity of “bratsy”. Concerning the latter the church couldn't define its position, noting harmlessness or even usefulness of one “bratsy”, and branding sectarians of others. The illusion of national unity against the launched world war under banners of the Orthodox and patriotic promotion which was carried out in the official church periodicals, vanished with the next political crisis of the spring and summer of 1915 during which patriotism poured out in xenophobia, and the latter, through search of internal enemies, was transformed into revolutionary moods directed both against the imperial power and against the official church. The mystification of mass consciousness amplifying during the war and as an aggravation of the social and modernization phenomena of life as, for example, change of models of marriage behavior to which the church couldn't develop constructive strategy, acted as catalysts of rastserkovleniye of society and prepared the subsequent system crisis 1917 — the 1920’s.