The aim of article is to show the specific logical features of historical knowledge. The authors analyze the logical status of historical statements relating to the analysis of historical tendencies and traditions. The possibilities of applying of the non-classical logic and the proof-theory in history are discussed. The specific features of inductive analysis, of logical categorization in history are analyzed. The problems of explanatory function of non-formalized conceptions in history, of pluralism of historical notions are under consideration. The conclusions of the authors are illustrated with the examples of the social history of Byzantium.