The article deals with the problem of complex dynamic non-linear systems discussed in the framework of the modern post-nonclassical paradigm. As a result of this discussion the scientists maintain that rationality is limited and the scientific conclusions are relative. For this reason the modern physics is close to the history. The author of article believes that the question of the degree of their closeness may be solved only through analysis of the peculiarities of their object of the study and the methods of these sciences. The author’s attention is focused on the characteristics of the specific features of historical truth and its pluralism. The role of subjective character of historical source and explicative function of nonformalized historical conception is taken into account. The author analyses the problems of historical argumentation, interpretation, of subjective and axiological factors of history. The general historical laws and space-temporal tendencies are considered. Author illustrates his conclusions with examples of results of own investigation of socio-economic and political history of Byzantium.