Now historians-researchers pay the increasing attention not only to economic tendencies and laws of those or other historical periods, but also to a social factor which was not considered earlier as key in historical process. The industrialization period as the major stage of formation of the Soviet society always caused the big interest of scientists, but for the political reasons especially connected with reprisals 1930 - 50th years, historians had no possibility to study this problem as a whole, as well as components making it. Basic changes in a political life of the country in Post-Soviet years have opened access to the archival information, having made the given researches possible. Thus, represent the big scientific interest the questions connected as with directions of development of a historical science still of the Soviet period in sphere of research of social subjects, and modern approaches and science achievements. The purpose of the given work - to consider the basic directions of studying of the questions connected with development of a social infrastructure in days of the first five-years periods on the basis of the analysis of works of the Soviet, Russian and foreign historians. The historiography analysis is spent on the basis of studying of monographies, articles, collective researches, the special attention is given by us to research of basic elements of a social infrastructure at the enterprises and tendencies of its development. In work the analysis more than 50 works as domestic researchers (Bakunin, Antufiev, Didenko, Zuykov, Isaev, Konisheva, Larin, Lelchuk, Markevich, Mironov, Fonotov etc.), and foreign historians (Paul R. Gregory, J. Scott, K. Strauss), it is recreated historiography and source picture of social aspects of industrialization, is made classification of modern researches by the basic directions of development of a social infrastructure. Thus, industrialization of the first five-years periods has mentioned all aspects of life of a society. Basic changes have occurred in economy and the politician of that time, in sphere of labour relations. The relation to the person, the human factor, as to that has changed. After the Great Patriotic War the big data file has been involved in studying, the basic methodological approaches of researches have been developed. However, the Soviet historiography, as a rule, was not beyond the settled ideological model, studying mainly external displays and industrialization achievements, reducing a social factor to heroic overcoming of difficulties of a life on the basis of enthusiasm. The Post-Soviet period of a historical science is characterized by attention to problems of motivation of work (the accent is displaced towards compulsion, complex models are developed), research of a level of development of a social infrastructure, conditions of a life and security the goods and services. In connection with opening of archives the wide spectrum of new materials is involved in researches. Interest to social structure of workers and heads remains. However the increasing individualization and deepening of research on the basis of attraction of a wide spectrum before inaccessible archival documents here is planned. The foreign historiography allows to look at industrialization from the outside, from eyes of people which could estimate or describe not simply but also compares degree of social development of the Soviet and western society. It is necessary to notice also, that till now there is a wide range till the end of not resolved questions connected with development of a social infrastructure in whole and its separate elements, to evolution of the given process. Researches on development of social sphere of the separate enterprises in dynamics, and also the comparative analysis of degree of development of a social infrastructure at the enterprises of different branches or regions are actual.