Author attempts to look at the process of evolution of public and historical consciousness in new sociopolitical conditions of a so-called “transition stage” of the contemporary Uzbekistan. Article analyzes socio-psychological state of Uzbekistan society in the Post-Soviet period. As it is known, reaction of local population to collapse of the USSR and declaration of independence of Uzbekistan was quite ambiguous. The situation was aggravated by economic and social hardships experienced by the republic that created favorable conditions for public pessimism concerning consequences of "untimely" found independence and nostalgia over idealized Soviet period passed away. In the article, it is underlined that in these conditions, studying and in-depth reconsideration of the most significant pages of national history has its special value. Author argues that historical and cultural heritage is one of the major internal resources, capable to rally people and to help to overcome national inferiority complex. Author believes that formation of new historical consciousness based on the best examples from the past can strengthen confidence of the people of Uzbekistan in their competence and hopes for the future.