The article examines historiography of the imagology of Russian-American relations at the turn of the XX century. This interdisciplinary scholarly approach based upon social constructivist paradigm and political anthropology methods expands the boundaries of the field of «diplomatic history» by examining the national cultural impact upon policy-making process and the role of national foreign policy in the construction of national identity through an image of the Other. In the center of the author’s analyses are methodological and terminological issues, main trends and perspectives of imagology of Russian-American relations as the study of cross-national perceptions, attitudes, stereotypes, and images which govern foreign policy of both countries. The author offers her opinion concerning methods and methodology, possible thematic priorities and a range of primary sources of this interdisciplinary scholarly field.