On October 17, 2018, the use of cannabis for recreational purposes became legal in Canada under the federal Cannabis Act. The use of the cannabinoid drugs (medical marihuana) was legalized back in 2001. Uruguay and Canada are the only countries that have fully legalized the consumption and sale of recreational cannabis nationwide. The new law created a legal framework for controlling the production, distribution, sale and possession of cannabis across the country. It is stated that the end of prohibition aims to accomplish the main three goals: keep cannabis out of the hands of children and youth, keep profits out of the pockets of criminals, protect public health and safety by allowing adults access to legal cannabis. Provinces are responsible for developing, implementing and enforcing systems to oversee the sale and consumption of cannabis. They may introduce additional measures, such as: increasing the minimum age, lowering the personal possession limit, restricting where adults can consume cannabis in public places. All this is estimated by many politicians and analysts as the beginning of a major transformational process in the Canadian society and economy. The article analyzes the main features of the federal legal framework as well as the rules and regulations introduced by the province of Ontario. It’s concluded that the initial outcomes of the full marihuana legalization have been quite controversial.