HOW TO MEASURE PERCEIVED POLITICAL EFFICACY? A THREE-COMPONENT SCALE
Annotation
The aim of this study is to develop and examine a scale that measures three components of perceived political efficacy: personal, collective and external. Twelve statements were formulatedbased on four abilities: 1) ability to influence the enactment of new laws and political decisions,2) ability to facilitate the election of a political leader, 3) ability to demand that existing laws andpolitical decisions be observed and 4) ability to express any political opinions freely and publicly.Data was collected online via social media from Russian, Kazakh and Ukrainian samples(N = 2,184) between 2015 and 2017. The scale's structural validity was tested using confirmatoryfactor analysis. Results showed that with some modification the short version of the proposedmodel exhibits good fit indexes across all samples. Configural, metric and scalar invariance of theshort version of the Perceived Political Efficacy Scale was also successfully tested. Additionally,differences in political efficacy between certain age groups were discovered, as well as betweencountries. Namely, people in the 30+ age bracket exhibited higher political efficacy than those inthe 18-19 age bracket. Ukrainian respondents showed significantly higher personal and collectiveefficacy when compared to Russian and Kazakh respondents. Kazakh respondents exhibited thehighest level of external efficacy.