The article highlights the issues of interlinguistic translation (from one language into another), its possibilities and limits in the context of discrepancies between linguistic models of various nations, substantiates relations between translation and interpretation genetically close to hermeneutics of the meaning and construction of interconnection between the sign and the object through the successive sign in semiosis. The article also depicts correlation between semantic and grammatical interpretation in the course of verbal communication. In addition to the problem of untranslatability within the framework of interlinguistic translation the authors also focus on the analysis of discordance in intralinguistic translation (i.e. cross-cultural dissonance) in terms of sociology; the authors consider the phenomenon of association/dissociation of social meanings expressed in terms of language. Non-equivalence of political structures and social mechanisms of two types of society has been established, serving as a reason of contemporary discordance between Russia and the Western world.